40. Function.prototype.apply

Implement your own version of Function.prototype.apply.

The apply method calls a function with a given this value and arguments provided as an array (or array-like object).

Requirements

1) Core Behavior

Your implementation must:

• Accept a thisArg parameter to be used as the function's this
• Accept an argsArray parameter containing arguments
• Invoke the function using the provided thisArg
• Return the function's return value

2) Edge Cases

You must correctly handle:

• null or undefined as thisArg (default to globalThis)
• Primitive thisArg values (must be boxed to objects)
• Missing/null/undefined argsArray (treat as empty list)
• Array-like argsArray objects (e.g. arguments, {0: 'a', length: 1})
• Invalid argsArray (must throw TypeError)
• Functions that throw (must not leak temporary properties)
• Arrow functions (note: arrow functions ignore dynamic this)

Testing Note

Some hidden tests express “expected to throw” using an output marker like:

throwError("TypeError")
throwError("Error") // any Error subtype

Example

function greet(greeting, punctuation) {
  return `${greeting}, ${this.name}${punctuation}`;
}

const person = { name: "Alice" };

greet.myApply(person, ["Hello", "!"]);
// "Hello, Alice!"