132. Modal III - React Portal

Build a production-ready Modal component with React Portal, full accessibility support, and focus trap.

1. React Portal

• Render modal outside DOM hierarchy (at document.body level)
• Prevent z-index conflicts
• Isolate modal from parent component styles

2. Accessibility (ARIA)

• Proper ARIA attributes (role="dialog", aria-modal, aria-labelledby, aria-describedby)
• Screen reader announcements
• Keyboard navigation support
• Focus management (trap focus within modal)

3. Focus Trap

• Trap focus within modal when open
• Return focus to trigger element when closed
• Handle Tab/Shift+Tab navigation
• Skip to first/last focusable element at boundaries

4. Advanced Features

• Support for reduced motion preferences
• Proper semantic HTML structure
• Announce modal title/description to screen readers
• Handle focus restoration on unmount

5. Data Structure

interface ModalProps {
  isOpen: boolean;
  onClose: () => void;
  title: string;
  description?: string;
  children: React.ReactNode;
  initialFocusRef?: React.RefObject<HTMLElement>;
  finalFocusRef?: React.RefObject<HTMLElement>;
  size?: "sm" | "md" | "lg" | "fullscreen";
}

Examples

const buttonRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);

<button ref={buttonRef} onClick={() => setIsOpen(true)}>
  Open Modal
</button>

<Modal 
  isOpen={isOpen}
  onClose={() => setIsOpen(false)}
  title="Accessible Modal"
  description="This modal has full accessibility support"
  initialFocusRef={buttonRef}
>
  <p>Modal content here</p>
</Modal>